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The Political Budget Cycle of Municipalities in The Czech Republic
Pinlová, Adriana ; Kalabiška, Roman (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the political budget cycle at the municipal level in the Czech Republic. Using a sample of all 6 254 municipalities observed between 2010 and 2022, it examines whether elected councillors manipulate the public budget in an attempt to secure re-election. Using a fixed effects model, it anal- yses the influence of election and pre-election year on changes in the volume and structure of municipal expenditures. The thesis also offers a comparison of municipalities with extended powers, municipalities with an authorised mu- nicipal office and the remaining smaller municipalities. The results confirm the presence of a political budget cycle for all types of municipalities in the Czech Republic. Before elections, there is usually a reduction in current expenditures (especially in the area of administration) and a subsequent increase in capital expenditures (especially in the areas of transport, culture, sport and leisure activities), which are highly visible and attractive to voters.
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Politický cyklus a vládní výdaje v Řecku
Hromádková, Anita
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to examine whether a political cycle has an influence on government expenditures in Greece. The thesis contains a description of a Greek voting system and there are listed the results of parliamentary election in the country since the fall of the dictatorship in 1974. The empirical part of the thesis examines the effects of political business cycle in Greece state, based on annual time series analysis between 1980 and 2017. For the analysis purpose is used the OLS method. The differences between general government total expenditures and government consumption expenditures are observed. The results of testing indicate the effect of political business cycle. Furthermore, election dates exogenously fixed by law are differentiated from early evoked elections. The results of testing are pointing out, that fiscal policy is being manipulated especially during early evoked elections.
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Political budget cycle of regional expenditures
Bendžíková, Iva ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Holub, Tomáš (referee)
Decisions of elected politicians affect all citizens of a given territory without any exception, for the next few years. For that reason, many potential voters try to analyze the former behavior of possible candidates, since they assume the consistency in the previous behavior and decision- making with their performance in the following period. This paper provides a unique disaggregated view of selected items of regional budgets that have not been investigated in connection with the existence of political-budget cycles in existing empirical research yet. The econometric analysis of panel data collected from thirteen regions (due to its specific nature Prague is not considered) over the period 2001-2016 unambiguously confirmed the existence of political-budget cycles at the regional level in the Czech Republic, that is characterized by a significant increase in total current and capital expenditures in the pre- electoral and the electoral years in comparison with the non-electoral years. In accordance with the further hypothesis of the thesis, we observe the significant increase especially in groups of spending that are attractive and easily recognizable to voters. These include for example expenditures on health, culture or environmental protection. Moreover, it has been proven, that some...
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Tax Changes, Economic and Election Cycle
NOVÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis is focused on the tax changes in the Czech Republic. It examines the taxes' influence during the election period. The thesis starting with Tax Theory and Theory of Public Choice. The general government establishes the taxes; however, there are special-interest groups and bureaucracy, which enforce their interest. The government changes the tax rates to prevent cyclical fluctuations in the economy. The opportunistic theory says that politicians encourage measures that represents the Median Voter in order to be re-elected. The ideological theory says that there is a difference between leftist and rightist parties. These theories are investigated under the conditions of the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2016. The thesis is focused on changes of the revenue side of the state budget. The data are used and are available on the website of the Czech Statistical Office, Finanční správa ČR, AMECO and Revenue Statistics of OECD. To demonstrate of political budget cycle is used the Least Squares Method. The explained variable is tax quota and the revenues of individual taxes. The explanatory variables are: election year, year after election and the reign of the leftist party, which is called Česká sociálně demo-kratická strana (ČSSD). The next explanatory variables are enter of the Czech Republic to European Union and the debt of state budget. The result is to prove the existence of the ideological concept of political-budget cycle in the Czech Republic.
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Political cycles: Do the politics buy their voters' ballots with higher expenditures?
Fischerová, Veronika ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Procházka, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the existence of political cycles in European Union member states between 1990 and 2013. These cycles are of two types: political business cycles and political budget cycles. The analysis was performed by means of the fixed effects method (using first differences) along with a visual analysis of data. The results obtained from three types of data sets show that two years before elections, inflation grows at 0.47%, unemployment rate at 0.5%, and structural balance at 0.8%. One of the data sets reveals that structural balance is reduced by 0.39% in election years. The visual analysis clearly demonstrates that there exist political business cycles in Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Sweden. Political budget cycles have been proven to exist in Belgium, France, Cyprus, Malta, Germany, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
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Vliv politického cyklu na deficity státního rozpočtu
Prokešová, Dominika
This diploma thesis is focused on issues with political cycles which are in close relation to a short-term fiscal imbalance. The political cycle is defined as inten-tional abuse of fiscal policy by a government with intention of reelection. Its effect can be seen in a pre-election period as a decrease of tax income and a growth of government spending. The framework of empirical analysis is a peri-od of 1993-2013 where occurrence of political-budget cycle in the Czech Repub-lic is researched. Another goal of the thesis is to identify which government actions are used by politicians to influence the electorate in their choice of poli-tical party for the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic.
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Political-business cycle in Czech Republic
Němeček, Petr ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Pícl, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on political-business cycle which is a theme frequently omitted in discussions about economic situation in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part of the work will provide readers with the topic of political-business cycle and its basic models which will serve as a support to the statistical research in the analytical part. Is fiscal policy in hands of Czech politicians an efficient tool to manipulate voters? The aim of the work is to answer this question and thus give a detailed look of political-business cycle on example of four regular electoral periods of Czech Parliament. To reach the goal of diploma thesis, we used regressive analysis to examine hypothesis if the date of elections influences certain folders of income and expenses of government budget. This hypothesis was not accepted on the significance level of 5 per cent. The reasons are mainly short time series of tested indicators.
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